Act no 59 of 1976 from Indian Audit and Accounts departments which was earlier under the control of C.& AG to the newly formed department of Civil Accounts under the Controller General of Accounts under department of Expenditure ministry of Finance.

The constitution of India provides that the Comptroller and Auditor General of India shall be appointed  by the President by warrant under his hand and seal who  shall not  be removed from Office, except in the like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of Supreme Court. The term of appointment shall be for a period of 5 years and the condition of service and salary of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India shall be such as may be determined by Parliament by Law and until they are so determined, shall be as specified in the second schedule  of the constitution. The Comptroller and Auditor General shall perform such duties and exercise such powers in relation to the accounts of the union and of the states and of any other authority or body as may be prescribed or under any law made by Parliament. The report of the Comptroller and Auditor General relating to the accounts so maintained of the union  shall be submitted to the President who shall cause them to be laid before each house of Parliament . The report relating to the accounts of the states shall be submitted to the Governor who shall cause them to be laid before the legislature of the states.

That the present accounting system applicable to most Ministries and departments in essentially external to Financial management function in that the payment made by the treasuries and accounts are compiled by audit and accounts offices under the control of the Comptroller and Auditor General on the basis of initial and subsidiary accounts received by them from the treasuries. This system worked fairly well when Governmental business was limited. With the increase ion the volume and variety of Governmental business  and the continual set-up of developmental outlays, this system has proved inadequate to the administration task.

The scheme of separation of accounts from audit was to be implemented in selective ministries e.g communication, civil aviation, tourism, industries and civil supplies w.e.f April 1976, where the expansion regarding the  expenditures and its audit was felt to be providing certain constraint and thereby resulting into the delay in implementation of the schemes at the relevant time. However by  the gradual increase of the power with these ministries, the similar laxity in relation to the procedural safeguard was further provided  the other ministries resulting into the defeat of the very purposes for which the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General was given the power through checks and balances. The effect of the aforesaid process has   resulted in the departmentalisation of union accounts enacted in 1976 and the transfer of personnel was given effect by the enforcement of the Act no 59 of 1976 from Indian Audit and Accounts departments which was earlier  under the control of C.& AG to the newly formed department of Civil Accounts under the  Controller General of Accounts under department of Expenditure ministry of Finance. In this manner the office of C& AG which was constituted under the  scheme of  the constitution of India to provide the restraint to the expenditure disproportionate from its own discretion by the relevant ministries was brought under the ministry of Finance and thereby giving the unbridle powers to the ministers and thereby overthrowing the constitutional mandate securing the safeguard over the whimsical expenditure. According to the legal opinion  of the constitutional experts, the diversification of the financial   powers to be utilised by the sole discretion of the bureaucrats without taking into consideration the Audit objections, which could have been made under the original constitutional scheme, was directly resulting into the notion of conferring the absolute power to the respective ministry. This was against the democratic, federal and republic  set-up of our Constitution.   The aforesaid concept of the parliamentarian democracy, providing the fraternity to an individual in preamble of the constitution,  was an attack on its basic structure. This has led to an inadequate financial control which would have been benefited to the nation if such power were remained with C&AG in India.  

That it would be relevant to point out that the office of the Auditor General of India was created under the Government Of India Act 1935 for exercising the control over expenditure incurred  by Central And State Governments and for proper accounting thereof in such forms and in such manner as may be prescribed by him and he was also responsible for rendering a complied account of receipt and expenditure to the Centre and State Governments and he was also required to submit report on the result of Audit in his Audit report to the Governor- General and

the  Governor of the States  for laying it before respective legislatures . That after coming over the constitution of India the Auditor General  was designated as Comptroller Audit General of India under chapter V of the constitution. The state Govt. which lavishly spends  crores on the refreshment allowances of its ministers, now is facing a crisis that it does not have enough money in its coffers to deposit the premium of insurance cover for 1 lakh  employees of local bodies due for their group insurance scheme. As a result of this misutilisation of the public money the insurance scheme of these employees has lapsed and the life insurance corporation has expressed its inability to consider any future claim as part of the scheme in case of the death of a employee. The LIC missive state that the group insurance scheme of some 94.165 local bodies employees stands  forfeited due to non deposit of approximately the premium of Rs 1.83 crores due on it from the last seven months. The LIC informed that the interest at the rate of 12% would also levied on the amount due to delay in payment of the premium. It is based on the idea for having LIC’s Master policy 4912 under its group insurance scheme which was mooted in 1977 by the state Govt. The Directorate of the local bodies makes a monthly payment of Rs 21.63 per member to the LIC while a employee make a payment of Rs 20 from his salary while Rs 1.63 is contributed by the state Govt. each months towards the policy, for which the LIC shrugs off future claims in case of the policy holders death where his next kin get Rs 25,000 under the scheme beside the premium deducted from his salary is also refunded with a 10% interest on the amount. Similarly an employee on its retirement get a premium deposited by him back with a 10% interest on the amount from the insurance firm. This is due to extravagance of public finance and curbing the powers and duties of Comptroller and Auditor General with effect from the time of enforcement of the Act no 59 of 1976 putting  the earlier control of the C&AG under the Department of Expenditure Ministry of Finance in State of U.P.  

Question& Answer

Question: What do you think whether our judiciary conferred with the power of judicial review under our constitution has been successful to deal with the plight of living dead?

Answer  :The constitution is supreme and all the three pillars functions under its strict supervision . the supremacy of the parliament and the power of the Hon'ble Constitutional Courts in India have gone through a consistent efforts for providing a harmonious construction to build up a foundation on which our country may survive . The doctrine of immunity from legislation against the enactment through legislation has undergone a great struggle whenever the Hon'ble Constitutional Court found the infringement of fundamental rights of the citizen . However on account of excessive burden and the need for securing the effective exercise of the judicial review by the Hon'ble Constitutional Courts even with regards to Administrative action , there is an unchecked flow of litigation for every invasion of the right under the garb of the infringement of the fundamental rights.

Question: Whether you speculate in this process any tough battle for securing the basic structure of our constitution with the doctrine of Supremacy of the parliament and how far it is important for the healthy growth of our welfare state .

Answer: The rigours to demotion of judicial writ power by some of the constitutional amendments like 42nd Amendment has been declared ultra virus in Minerva Mills Case (1980) 3 S.CC 625 , Waman Rao case (1981) 2 S.C.C 362 and in L. Chandra Kumar case (1997 ) 3 S.C.C 261 reaffirming the majority verdict of the landmark judgement of Keshavananda Bharti case of 13 judge constitution bench of the Hon'ble Supreme Court . The jurisdiction conferred upon the Hon'ble constitutional Courts including the High Courts under Article 226 and Article 227 has been held as a part of the basic structure of the constitution. Thus not even the power of legislative enactment but also the power conferred under Article 368 to Amend the constitution may be subjected to judicial review by the Apex Court .

Question: Whether you think that in this process the expression "Procedure established by Law " as enshrined in Article 21 has now been replaced by "due process of law" as evident in American Constitution ?

Answer: Article 14 has two concepts which is a unique feature in Indian constitution. Most of the constitutions of the world either speaks of "equality before the law" or the "equal protection of the laws". Both these concepts although appears to be the same are not actually the same . The equality before the law refers as to providing the equality before the substantive laws of the nation as illustrated in Article 15 to 18 and also under Article 38, 39, 39A, 41and 46 of the constitution . The connotation equal protection of law contemplates for minimising the inequalities and for eliminating the inequalities in status , facilities , opportunities , values of lives with social care towards educational and economic interest not only amongst citizen but also amongst the group of the citizens. This Article forbids class legislation except being founded on an intelligible differential and to have a rational relation to the object sought to be achieved by the statute in question . The test of classification must be rational . However by the efflux of time , Article 21 which is couched in negative language by the framers of our Constitution has undergone the major change by interpretation through its positive angle having the inhibition contained therein i.e. "life " as synonymous to "livelihood" by taking into consideration that by abrogation and subjugation of the means of the living there shall be no life . This was done to get the rid of the radical innovation providing an instrument of status quo upholding the traditions of Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence and resisting radical innovation in the use of judicial power to promote social change by the so called judicial activism . The other concepts such as "Rule of Law" , "Judicial restraint" , "Separation of power", supremacy of fundamental right s over directive principles and "Procedure established under Law" conveniently to avoid change whenever possible through the assistance of two concepts of Article 14 as whenever required delete it and whenever inevitable dilute it as far as practicable and thus the discretionary powers were exercised in the different manner by inviting the diversities in the opinion of the constitutional Courts while dealing with Quasi judicial actions .

Question : Thus you mean to say that Article 21 of the constitution is not a fundamental right of the citizen as is being dealt with by the Hon'ble Supreme Court and has been included in the chapter of fundamental rights ?

Answer: True , Article 21 has been included in the chapter of fundamental right under our constitution but the same is a fundamental duty of the government as to provide protection against depriving any person of his life or personal liberty . There is only one individual fundamental right of the citizen i.e Article 19 . Article 25 and 26 is a collective right to the freedom of conscience and right to profess , practise and propagate religion and also to manage religious affairs . Thus every fundamental duty casted upon the government which is providing the protection to the individual may be read with the reasonable restrictions as contemplated in sub articles (2)to (6) of Article 19 of our constitution thus the constitution has provided a "check and balance" over the power of the Hon'ble Courts and the duties casted upon the government . In this manner the Hon'ble Courts while interpreting these Articles of fundamental rights may dealt with the individual as to whether the right which implies the forbearance to perform the duty by the Government has got the qualification prescribed in the yard stick of the reasonable restrictions or the constitution with the galaxy of so called fundamental right may be ruled in respect of its governance by the political set-up having co-ordination with divisive forces to the oppression of the people at large which has not been done after independence.

Question: What was the need of introducing Article 51A when already there were fundamental duties of the Government ?

Answer: Every right implies the forbearance on the part of other to perform his duty as right and duty is correlated and coexistent. After independence our country has been ruled with governance through laissez faire and the citizens have miserably forgotten there duties under the spirit of availing an aspirant cherished freedom . Thus the chapter of unenforceable fundamental duties was introduced with effect from 3.1.1977 by 42nd amendment .

Question : Why there is a pendency of number of litigation before the Constitutional Courts in which the case of the living people who have been declared as dead people in the official records have not been dealt with in time .?

Answer: The right of the people has been considered in the different dimension against every atrocities committed by the administration in discharge of their duty as the custodian of the public trust . The concept of public trust doctrine was developed by the Constitutional Courts to provide the safety to an individual as susceptible to abuse in discharge of the role by our Constitutional courts as a sentinel on quivive . The maxim of "ubi us ibi remedium" (where there is a right , there is a remedy ) was sparingly applied in respect of administrative action without considering as to whether the same is quasi judicial or not . The separation of power which was embodied to certain extent in our constitution and having its elasticity to provide pervasive potency and versatile quality has been diluted in absence of any accountability towards administrative action. Thus there was a flow of litigation before the constitutional Courts even in respect of violation of every right for which the administrative authority were responsible to exercise their power as the custodian of the public duty .Thus due to paucity of time , the genuine litigation was circumvented by unscrupulous litigation and there by suppressing the fundamental right of a bonafide citizen .

Question: Do you think that the present system can be rectified by enacting more legislation by the parliament or it may be left to the Constitutional Courts to eradicate the prevailing maladies ?

Answer There must be an accountability fixed with every officer and bureaucrats in the society regarding there abuse of power and judicial review which comprises the power of judicial superintendence over every sub-ordinate authority may be necessarily applied by the higher judiciary .There is a requirement of complete separation of power between three institutions on which our democratic set-up is dependent the adequate punishment be implemented in the deterrent and punitive manner as to create an example to the other wrong doer specially under the circumstances when the integrity and the prosperity of the nation is involved. In case of malafide exercise of power not only the action which is done contrary to the object may be rectified but there may be a judicial scrutiny for recommending the departmental disciplinary proceeding against the official who has passed such order with extraneous considerations. There should be the limit over the privilege conferred with every public servant who is not only a custodian of the power but also owe the duties towards the citizens who are considered in our constitution as the sovereign of the sovereignty .

Question: What do you think to be the source of the power of judicial review ?

Answer :It may be traced to the classic enunciation of the principles laid down by the Chief Justice John Marshall of U.S Supreme Court in Marbury Vs Madison ( 1 Crunch : 2 L Ed 60 (1803 ) ) as the origin of this power is never attributed to one source alone . It has been laid down that the judiciary dealing with interpretation of Law is duty bound while expounding and interpreting the Law and to see as to whether the Law is repugnant to the settled norms of the constitutions otherwise the same be declared as void .In America where the Supreme Court has assumed extensive power of reviewing the legislative Acts while in our constitution this power is conferred by the expressed provision contained in Article 13 of the constitution of India . Thus the power of judicial review has now considered to be an integral part of our constitutional system .

Question: What do you think to be the role of the Advocates in the process of judicial discipline and thereby providing a check and balance over misutilisation of the judicial and quasi judicial power by the public servant ?

Answer : In America the Lawyers may conduct the investigation in respect of the wrong committed with the people through their own investigation agencies and there is there is the power vested with every officer to deal with the misuse of power by any person without taking the accent from the higher elechon in the hierarchical set-up of superior authority in some of the European countries .However in India we have no such power to fix an accountability towards a public wrong by an Advocate and also by any honest official as there is a vicious circle in our Bureaucratic set-up where there is larger privilege and lesser responsibility. Thus we have become a silent spectator of the situation which is going to be the worst by the process of time . The apathy of the intellectual echoes back into a vacuum which has neither any ventilation for providing the fresh air to our people . Till such time when the intellectuals in the society may not be allowed to run the public administration nothing can be achieved in our nation.

We often see goats, sheep and cows eat grass Link between this process and the milk and the dairy products we consume.

We often see goats, sheep and cows eat grass, and yet it rarely occurs to any of us to establish a link between this process and the milk and the dairy products we consume. God lets them feed on this grass, its ultimate transformation to be milk, one of the basic nutriments. The circulation of blood and the blood carried the nutriments absorbed from digested food into its constituents to mammary glands for production of milk was not known. The new material transformed from pasture into assimilated food and blood becomes a nutritious food.This draws attention to truths unknown at the time, but also displays facts to derive lessons from. The blood collects and transports the substances formed by digested food to organs; among others, to mammary glands. This process is initiated by blood coming into contact with the contents of intestines, on their walls. Before continuing its journey, carried by blood, part of the digested food is absorbed by the intestines. This information is the result of modern research in biology, chemistry and in the physiology of digestion. Milk is the first food of the newborn mammal. It is a fluid secreted by the mammary glands of mammalians as food for their young in the period immediately after birth. From the young of whales to human infants, all mammals feed on their mother’s milk. The young animals and the babies obtain their supply of excellent nourishment without any toil. Milk is the best product for infants. No other nourishment can replace what is provided by it. We can identify thousands of nutritious food items in the world. Had the universe been the outcome of happy coincidences and had there been no ingeniously designed creation, there would have been no particular reason for the mother’s milk to be the best and most carefully selected nutriment. This perfect order designed for every mammal, including man, is a proof of the Creator’s inimitable forethought. Materials digested to become blood turn into milk in the mother’s breast and are offered to the newborn by its Creator. Whether ratiocinated or mathematically calculated, it is impossible to assert that this is the outcome of fortuitous events which have nothing to do with a designed purpose. The infant practices sucking its finger in the womb to be prepared for drinking milk as soon as it is delivered. The fact that mother’s milk comes exactly in the amount of the baby’s need without spurting is also carefully planned. The milk we first taste from our mother’s breast will continue throughout our lives to be consumed by us to meet the requirements of a healthy constitution. Milk is a whitish liquid consisting of small globules of fat suspended in a watery solution containing proteins, lactose sugar and minerals like calcium, casein and phosphorous, plus vitamins. Cheese, butter and yogurt are all made with milk, the basic nutriment of man. The benefits that our body derives from its contents, like minerals and vitamins are more than the present book can contain. When we consume it, we should remember always its Creator.

We the Peoples Millennium Forum Declaration and Agenda for Action Strengthening Our Country

We the Peoples Millennium Forum

Declaration and Agenda for Action

Strengthening Our Country

We, 1,350 representatives of over 1,000 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other civil

society organizations from more than 100 coIndians tries, have gathered at the request of yogesh saxena senior vice president of Advocate association, High Court Allahabad to build upon a common vision and the work

begIndians  at civil society conferences to draw the attention of governments to the urgency of implementing the commitments they have made, and to channel our collective energies by reclaiming globalization for and by the people.

Our Vision

Our vision is of our CoIndians try  that is human-centered and genuinely democratic, where all human beings

are full participants and determine their own destinies. In our vision we are one human family, in

all our diversity, living on one common homeland and sharing a just, sustainable and peaceful

world, guided by Indians iversal principles of democracy, equality, inclusion, volIndians tarism,

non-discrimination and participation by all persons, men and women, yoIndians g and old, regardless of

race, faith, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity or nationality. It is a world where peace and

human security, as envisioned in the principles of the Indians Nationals  Charter, replace armaments,

violent conflict and wars. It is a world where everyone lives in a clean environment with a fair

distribution of the earth’s resources. Our vision includes a special role for the dynamism of yoIndians g

people and the experience of the elderly and reaffirms the Indians veracity, indivisibility and

interdependence of all human rights – civil, political, economic, social and cultural.

The Challenges

We begin the new millennium facing grave and interconnected challenges. As actors in the

struggle for peace, justice and the eradication of poverty, Indians daily the human impact

of rising violence and armed conflicts, widespread violations of human rights, and Indians acceptably

large numbers of people who are denied the means of a minimal human existence. At the same

time, new and emerging diseases such as HIV/AIDS threaten to devastate entire societies.

Globalization and advances in technology create significant opportunities to  Indians for people to connect,

share and learn from each other. At the same time, corporate-driven globalization increases

inequities between and within coIndians tries, Indians dermines local traditions and cultures, and escalates

disparities between rich and poor, thereby marginalizing large numbers of people in urban and

rural areas. Women, indigenous peoples, youth, boys and girls, and people with disabilities suffer

disproportionately from the effects of globalization. Massive debt repayments are still made by the

poorest nations to the richest, at the expense of basic healthcare, education and children's lives.

Trafficking in women, sexual exploitation, drug trafficking, money laIndians dering, corruption and the

flow of small arms promote insecurity. States are becoming weaker, while an Indians accoIndians table,

transnational private sector grows stronger. A single-minded focus on economic growth through

Indians controlled free markets, combined with the adjustment and stabilization policies of international

financial institutions controlled by the rich creditor nations are crippling many national economies,

exacerbating poverty, eroding human values and destroying the natural environment.

Globalization should be made to work for the benefit of everyone: eradicate poverty and hIndians ger

globally; establish peace globally; ensure the protection and promotion of human rights globally;

ensure the protection of our global environment; enforce social standards in the workplace

globally…. This can happen only if global corporations, international financial and trade

institutions and governments are subject to effective democratic control by the people. We see a

strengthened and democratized Indians Nationals  and a vibrant civil society as guarantors of this

accoIndians tability. And we issue a warning: if the architects of globalization are not held to accoIndians t,

this will not simply be Indians just; the edifice will crumble with dire consequences for everyone .In the

end, the wealthy will find no refuge, as intolerance, disease, environmental devastation, war, social

disintegration and political instability spread.

We wish to put forward a series of concrete steps to strengthen cooperation among all actors at the

international, national, regional and local levels to make this vision a reality. Our Agenda for

Action includes steps that should be taken by civil society, governments, and the Indians Nationals .

A. ERADICATION OF POVERTY: INCLUDING SOCIAL

DEVELOPMENT AND DEBT CANCELLATION

Poverty is a violation of human rights. With some 1.3 billion people living in extreme poverty, it is

the most widespread violation of human rights in the world. Poverty exists not only in the

developing coIndians tries, but is also a dramatic and hidden reality in the industrialized coIndians tries.

Particularly affected are disadvantaged and Indians derrepresented groups - indigenous people, people

with disabilities, women, children, youth, and the elderly. HIndians ger and the HIV/AIDS pandemic are

also highly related to poverty. Processes of impoverishment inherent in the global economic

system are resulting in increasing inequity, social injustice and violence worldwide.

Eradication of poverty has become a matter of urgency. Poverty eradication is not an automatic

consequence of economic growth; it requires purposeful action to redistribute wealth and land, to

construct a safety net and to provide Indians iversal free access to education. We call on our

governments, and the Indians Nationals  to make poverty eradication a top political priority .

1. To act as an independent arbitrator to balance the interest of debtor and creditor nations

and to monitor how debt cancellation fIndians ds are spent.

2. To introduce binding codes of conduct for transnational companies, and effective tax

regulation on the international financial markets, investing this money in programmes for

poverty eradication.

3. To immediately establish at the Indians Nationals , a Global Poverty Eradication FIndians d,

which will ensure that poor people have access to credit, with contributions from

governments, corporations, and the World Bank and other sources.

4. To adopt cultural development as the focus theme of one of the remaining years of the

International Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1996-2007).

Governments

1. To implement fully the commitments made at the World Summit for Social Development

in 1995, in partnership with all actors of civil society in an integrated and holistic

framework. Governments should focus their efforts and policies on addressing the root

causes of poverty and providing for the basic needs of all, giving special priority to the

needs and rights of disadvantaged and Indians derrepresented. We further call on the

governments to anchor the Copenhagen goals in their national statutes and to introduce

national anti-poverty strategies that provide safety nets and basic livelihood allocation as a

right.

2. To strengthen the entrepreneurial capacity of women, indigenous people and people in

the informal productive sector, ensuring access to credit, to enable them to become

self-employed. This is the sure way of creating jobs for all and a sustainable way of

eradicating poverty.

3. To support the efforts of the poor to keep families together, with particular attention to

disadvantaged and Indians derrepresented groups including indigenous people, people with

disabilities, women, children, youth, and the elderly. Effective action and resources are

essential for those affected by migration.

4. To address the incidence, impact and continuing human costs of HIV/AIDS. To increase

spending for health research and to ensure that the fruits of this research reach the people.

5. To recognize the special potential of people with disabilities and ensure their full

participation and equal role in political, economic, social and cultural fields. To further

recognize and meet their special needs, introduce inclusive policies and programmes for

their empowerment, and ensure that they take a leading role in poverty eradication. To urge

all states to apply the INDIANS  standard rules on the equalization of opportIndians ities for persons

with disabilities.

6. To review, adopt and maintain macro-economic policies and development strategies that

address the needs and efforts of women in poverty, particularly those with disabilities. To

develop gender-based methodologies to address the feminization of poverty and to

recognize the leading role of women in eradicating poverty, as outlined in the declaration of

the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.

7. To provide Indians iversal access to "education for all," prioritizing free basic education and

skills training for poor commIndians ities to improve their productive capacities. We call on

governments to increase budgets for education, to reduce the technology gap, and to

restructure educational policy to ensure that all children (girls and boys) receive moral,

spiritual, peace and human rights education, while acknowledging, through programmes

for families, adult literacy and the elderly, that education is a lifelong process. Special

attention must be paid to the girl child. And higher education must be attainable on merit

and not only on ability to pay.

8. To move towards economic reforms aimed at equity: in particular, to construct macro

economic policies that combine growth with the goal of human development and social justice; to

prevent the impoverishment of groups that emerged from poverty but are still vulnerable to

social risks and exclusion; to improve legislation on labor standards including the provision

of a minimum legal wage and an effective social system; and to restore people’s control

over primary productive resources as a key strategy for poverty eradication.

9. To introduce and implement programmes to eradicate corruption in governments and civil

society at large, and to promote good governance, accoIndians tability, democracy and

transparency as the foIndians dation for public ethics.

10. To adopt comprehensive, integrated policies so that priorities of such government

departments as trade and defense are in line with the policies for international sustainable

development.

11. To promote the use of indigenous crops and traditional production skills to produce goods

and services.

12. To explore the feasibility of a legally binding Convention for Overcoming Poverty, to be

drafted in effective consultation and partnership with people living in poverty themselves.

13. To cancel the debts of developing coIndians tries, including odious debts, the repayment of

which diverts fIndians ds from basic needs. To improve measures to ensure that fIndians ds from

debt cancellation are spent in consultation with the impoverished sections of society within

the indebted nations. To direct international financial institutions to cancel 100% of the

debt owed to them and to establish an arbitration process that balances the interests of

debtor and creditor nations, with an independent arbitrator who will ensure discipline and

transparency.

14. To call the World Trade Organization (WTO) to rectify urgently, the agriculture

agreements that put pressure on developing coIndians tries to liberalize food imports,

threatening their rural livelihoods, employment, natural resources, indigenous knowledge

and food production and security in general.

Civil Society

1. To monitor and pressure governments to ensure that all the ten commitments made at the

World Summit on Social Development become a reality for all. To assume our own

responsibilities to help formulate and implement the national strategies for poverty

eradication and to ensure the participation of the poor and marginalized commIndians ities. To

create or strengthen mechanisms to monitor organizations that work against the interests of

the poor.

2. To develop new relations and partnerships among commIndians ity institutions, educators,

scientists, researchers, local authorities, businesses, labor and NGOs in a constructive

dialogue and planning process so that all can contribute their best. To pay special attention

to those who have suffered most from poverty and to those who have the least opportIndians ity

to be heard by others. The poor must see themselves as real partners and must be

empowered to enhance and employ their own abilities and resources in order to be of

service to themselves, their families, their commIndians ities and their common home.

3. To exert our best efforts to implement the Indians iversal Declaration of Human Rights -

affirming the Indians iversality, indivisibility and interdependence of ALL rights, civil, political,

social, economic and cultural - and to join the global movement for human dignity.

4. To improve conditions for decent work, capacity building and participation. To

encourage the media to help monitor the commitments that governments have made.

5. To dedicate attention to the special needs of the yoIndians g and the elderly, especially those

from the South, and to provide opportIndians ities for them, including access to information, and

all forms of health care and education, which are essential to the eradication of poverty.

6. To direct special action to decrease high levels of youth Indians employment to all global

stake-holders at local, national, regional and international levels.